Business Environment Assignment - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1617 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Business Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? Business Environment Table of Contents Section One: Introduction Executive Summary2 Section Two: Discussion and Findings (LO2) 1.13 1.24 1.35 Section Three Recommendations-6 Conclusion7 References8 Executive Summary The purpose of this research is to evaluate and provide solutions to a small business enterprise (Sumciouz Pastry) in terms of how they can perform and meet the needs of the different stakeholders that are affected by the business as well as developing and implementing techniques and plans to meet their goals. The senior partner (researcher) of the business consulting firm (Quality Innovators Consulting Agency) will assist the clients (private partners) who are in the process of purchasing the enterprise. The research will be presented in the form of a report. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Business Environment Assignment" essay for you Create order The researcher is to conduct a research for a group of small investors in the purchasing of a small business enterprise. This research can help investors and stakeholders in varying organizations and business industry to extend their knowledge of how their organizations can improve their operations through effective and efficient decision-making, planning and development of effective strategies in order for their businesses to progress. As a student pursuing a career in the field of business this research will serve to increase my knowledge in the capacity of assessing how different methods and planning can help businesses maintain its viability and is successful. The research design was a quantitative research collected by secondary data gathering. The internet and books were used as it was convenient and effective in the collection of data. The data generated was analyzed and reflected in the results of the report. Due to the fact that the research was that of a quantitative one in nature, the research maybe lacking in terms of getting primary information that would have yield more insight into the research. The researcher found that the business was hampered at times in relation to improving on its business and its operations based on the increase in interest rates at lending agencies. The researcher recommends that the business to seek and find more avenues that are available to assist them in terms of lending so as to allow the business to be able to progress as it want to and to ensure that it makes decisions that are effective in seeing increased productivity for the business so that due to the type of economic system that it is operating within. Discussion and Analysis LO2 Understand the nature of the national environment in which businesses operate 2.1 Explain how economic systems attempt to allocate resources effectively Economic systems are effectively used to allocate resources effectively and efficiently throughout an economy. The re are a number of economic systems that exists in the economy of which are traditional economic system, command economic system/planned economy that factors in socialism and market economies and pure market, mixed economic system. In a traditional economic system the work that people do the goods and services that they provide along with the way the use and exchange their resources all follow an established pattern, also within this system à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“community interestsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ take precedence over the individuals.individuals maybe expected to combine their efforts and share equally in the proceeds of their labourà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  (Shoomp Editorial Team, 2008). The command economic system/planned economy it is the government who controls the economy hence they decide how to use and distribute resources such as control price and wages. Under the command economic system falls other economic systems such as socialism where the government has vary degrees of power over the economy whereas in the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“market economic system government does not control vital resources, valuable goods or any other major segment of the economyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  (Gemma, 2014), pure market economy however, sees the government being absent from economic affairs. Mixed economic system is a combination of elements of command and market economy, numerous economic decisions are made by individuals in the market however government plays a role in the allocation and distribution of resources. Sumciouz pastry operates within a pure market economy or laisser-faire market economy hence the business decides how to distribute and allocate its products and services. This can be beneficial as well as disadvantageous to this business depending on how effective the decisions that are being made by the owner. 2.2 Assess the impact of fiscal and monetary policy on business organizations and their activities According to Riley (2012) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“fiscal policy involves the use of government spending, taxation and borrowing to affect the level and growth of aggregate demand, output jobsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . On the other hand à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“monetary policy involves influencing the availability and cost of money and credit to promote a healthy economyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  (Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco, 2014). Fiscal policy impacts the business (Sumciouz Pastry) both negatively and positively in that when the government increases taxes then it limits the businesses ability to spend more on in terms of investing in its business as well as the fact that it gives customers less spending power hence it can lead to a reduction in the level of customers coming to the business. However, should the government reduce taxes then customers will see an increase in their spending power hence more profit and customers for the business. In order for the business to expand or progress financially the business has to borrow and this can be hindered through monetary policy where financial institutions such as banks increase interest rates thereby limiting borrowing by the business as when interest rates increase business and people tend to refrain from taking out loans as the cost is quite high in doing so. 2.3 Evaluate the impact of competition policy and other regulatory mechanisms on the activities of a selected organization In order to ensure that there is a balance within the business industry and environment there has to be the implementation of policies and mechanisms to ensure that competition is maintained and done in a manner that is fair, one of the ways in which this is done is through competition policy, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“competition policy promote competition, makes markets work better and contribute towards improved efficiency in individuals marketsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  (Riley, 2012). In the UK there is the establishment of four main pillars which is a competition policy that looks at anti-trust and cartels, market liberalizati on, merger control and state aid control, these pillars basically speaks to ensuring that firms who hold dominant positions in the market do not restrict competition through price fixing; introduction of fresh competition in markets that were monopolistic in nature; the state does not distort competition through certain measures that are being implemented and to examine mergers so as to ensure that there no domination of them in the market respectively. The Enterprise act 2002 is a reformation of the competition act 1998 that sought to promote those who competed fairly to thrive and is stringent on those who tried to restrict competition, the enterprise act adds to that by ensuring that consumers are not harmed and that fair-trading takes place it also factors in the establishment of mergers and market structures. The Office of Fair Trading sees to it that markets work well for consumers and that business adhere to rules of competition and consumer law. Sumciouz Pastry ensures th at it operates fairly in terms of competition and consumer law and this is related to the Office of Fair Trading and Consumer Affairs hence consumers are offered products and services that are of high quality, prices are competitive as the business prices are lower than its competitors for most of its products and services. The business also operates in such a way that meets international standards. Recommendations The researcher would like to suggest the following recommendations of are : The business to seek and find more avenues that are available to assist them in terms of lending so as to allow the business to be able to progress as it want to. To ensure that it makes decisions that are effective in seeing increased productivity for the business so that due to the type of economic system that it is operating within. To procure and apply the necessary and relevant regulatory mechanisms and policies so as to ensure that the business operates in accordance with them. Conclusion In conclusion it is of a fact that the type of economic system in which a business operates in is significant and important in determining how business function in terms of their goods and services are allocated and distributed. For instance, in a pure market or laisser-faire economy resources are allocated based on demand and supply which is determined by income. Also the fact that monetary and fiscal policy can impact a business where an increase in interest rates tend to reduce the amount of loans being borrowed by a business and that an reduction in taxation by the government increases the spending power of both businesses and customers to the business therefore the business may see an increase in profits. Additionally that competition policy and the relevant mechanisms assist in monitoring competition in the market as well as restricting unfair competition that can be carried out by large or more dominant firms; this is implemented through Enterprise Act 2002, Office of Fair Trading among others. References Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco. 2014.What is the Fed: Monetary Poilicy. [ONLINE] Available at:https://www.frbsf.org/education/teacher-resources/what-is-the-fed/monetary-policy. [Accessed 20 October 14]. Geoff Riley. 2012.Government intervention-competition policy. [ONLINE] Available at:https://tutor2u.net/economics/revision-notes/a2-micro-competition-policy.html. [Accessed 20 October 14]. Geoff Riley. 2012.Managing the Economy- Government Fiscal Policy. [ONLINE] Available at:https://tutor2u.net/economics/revision-notes/as-macro-fiscal-policy.html. [Accessed 20 October 14]. Shoomp Editorial Team. 2008.Types of Economic Systems. [ONLINE] Available at:https://www.shmoop.com/economic-systems/types.html. [Accessed 20 October 14]. Will Gemma. 2014.The 4 Types of Economic Systems. [ONLINE] Available at:https://www.udemy.com/blog/types-of-economic-systems/. [Accessed 20 October 14]. 1

Decoding The Symbolism Used in A Worn Path by Eudora Welty

Today we will be talking about the different literary references used throughout Eudora Welty’s â€Å"A Worn Path†. I will explain and decode different techniques used by the author throughout her story. The story is of an old southern African American woman, named Phoenix Jackson, making her way into to town to pick up her grandsons medication from the doctor’s office. But this is no normal old woman. She cannot see and is picking her way with a cane to make her way across a barrage of obstacles. Throughout her journey she comes upon different characters and situations, from these events we will draw our interpretations of the symbolism embedded within the tale. The first thing I thought about after finishing the story was how routine†¦show more content†¦When she arrives at the doctors’ office she is greeted first by a grumpy front desk receptionist, then a nice nurse who is familiar when Phoenix approaches her. The nice nurse assures the front desk receptionist that Phoenix is there to pick up her grandsons medication. As she and the nurse chat, Phoenix’s old age starts to play a factor when she loses her train of thought while the nurse asks on the condition of the grandson. As phoenix walks into town, she asks a random woman on the street to tie her shoe. â€Å"Thank you missy. I doesn’t mind asking a nice lady to tie my shoe when I gets on the street†, (A Worn Path, 1280) this could be a continuation of the representation of the child-old woman analogy that I described earlier in the essay. As she finds her way into town, she finds her way to the doctor’s office, she then makes a conversati on with the nurse and tells her, â€Å"We is the only two left in the world. He suffers and it don’t seem to put him back at all. He got a sweet look. He going to last. He wear a little patch quilt and peep out holding his mouth open like a little bird. I remember so plain now. I not going to forget him again, no, the whole enduring time. I could tell him from all the others to creation† (A Worn Path, 1280). I saw this as a representation of how she felt alone in the world, and how she is going to

Generational Wealth and Economics Analysis Free Essays

Today African American communities are falling apart tremendously. Crime is rising; children are killing more than they are working. Economics are lowering; people tend to spend their money in other communities where businesses look more professional than that of their own, and families are fighting over material things that do not have value or meaning. We will write a custom essay sample on Generational Wealth and Economics: Analysis or any similar topic only for you Order Now There is also a rise in welfare, section eight housing, abortion, credit card and calling card charges, and layaway spending that keeps an individual in bondage; bondage of his mind. I would like to suggest that there is a lack of generational wealth in the African-American community. The lack of generational wealth is a direct result of our knowledge of economics and understanding economics. In order to understand the two, generational wealth and economics, you first have to go back to the beginning of time when God created the man and woman (Adam and Eve) and gave them their job description. In the book of Genesis the first chapter and the 28th verse, God said, â€Å"Be fruitful and multiply; fill the earth and subdue it; have dominion over the fish of the sea, over the birds of the air, and over every living thing that moves on the earth. And God also said, â€Å"See, I have given you every herb that yields seed which is on the face of all the earth, and every tree whose fruit yields seed; to you it shall be for food† (Question about Quoting Bible). At this time God gave a charge to Adam and Eve giving them dominion. They were producers of the world. But when they decided to mess up in the garden by eating the forbidden fruit, they went from being producers into being consumers. This is one of the problems today in the black community. Out of a lack of understanding of who we are and what our purpose is, we consume all things of others but rarely move into the understanding of producing our own. In this light, increasing the number of blacks in ownership positions appears to be an important prerequisite for ending black community unrest (McKersie pg 84). If blacks are upset because they lack control over the institutions of their community, because they are charged high prices for inferior merchandise, victimized by credit racketeers, and exploited by employers, then perhaps some would argue, greater black ownership will help end this condition. If the black community lacks leadership and a stable middle class, then enlarging the number of black entrepreneurs may provide such leadership and foster stability. If the problem is lack of racial confidence, the success of black capitalists would build pride. Today in the black community, crime is rising; children are killing children and spending more money in the communities than their parents. There is an increasing number of males killing for what they think are respect. There is also a mindset on children that, it is better to kill, steal, and destroy, to get what is gratifying to self. Children have become lazy. They have depended on the former generations to get things done rather than them. Today also, there is an increased number of welfare, section 8 housing, and abortion participants, which are considered to be popular in the community. This is nothing but bondage. Society has a way of keeping people focused on minor issues and making them think that they are major. Welfare is not a major problem but rather one that is minor. The major problem today, which has always been a problem, is economics. Economics is a problem because many African Americans don†t know what economics are and how to manage it. Out of one†s lack of understanding the economical breakdown of society, he cannot teach his child about generational wealth. Generational wealth is what a family has accumulated over its lifetime along with those resources that have been inherited across generations. Generational wealth is not riches. When one is rich, they are materially content for the moment but not necessarily content in their private lives. One who is just rich, will become a private failure but public success. In essence, riches are the successes of the world. On the other hand, wealth is generated through the family unit and is passed down generationally. In Proverbs 13:22, it reads, a good man leaves an inheritance to his children†s children. In order for one to truly understand generational wealth, he must first understand economics and vice versa. Economics is the study of heart and wallet. Meaning, if you want to touch people, you have to reach them in their pockets. Matthew 6:21 states, â€Å"For where your treasure is, there your heart will be also. Let†s break down economics. The Greek meaning of the word echo means family. Therefore, economics is the study of the family management. This is so awesome that God decided to give us an assignment in His daily word. In Luke 19:13, God says, â€Å"do business until I return. † He didn†t just throw business in there for anything. To do business until God return means, to occupy; take dominion; handle things in decency and in order to the word of God. Sad to say, but some people only understand economics when it comes to selling drugs. Young men and even some young women understand that you can buy large quantities of drugs at wholesale and make profit by way of retail. On the other hand, if you ask them to turn the television to the stock market channel and decipher the information run on the station, they can†t even relate. So when do we come to an understanding that there is a world wide problem of the family unit that is affecting our economics? One of the major problems in the black community is that everyone is out for self. We have gained a mindset that everyone is supposed to work for his or her own stuff and keep their stuff to themselves. Out of understanding who you are, you understand that the father is the one who formulate the vision, the son is the one who demonstrates the vision, while the grandson authenticates the vision. It takes the fortitude of a father to persevere through the storm of formulation. It takes the zeal of a son to pay the cost of demonstration. It takes the integrity of a grandson to handle the glory of authentication. There are a lot of individuals who don†t understand this so, therefore they operate trying to be the father, son, and grandson. This brings about the mindset of selfish thinking and single generational. Thinking selfishly and single families operate in false wisdom. For example, when most children turn 18, they are kicked out of the house and told by their parents that they are grown enough to make it on their own, but was never equipped to pay their bills and even maintain their payments. Therefore we have a generation that had already achieved their successes, forcing our children to grow up in a fast paced society that prefers self-gratification, without restraint. The family exists at the heart of every society†¦ No society has succeeded without it. But today we see a fraying of all connections that have defined our families. We are neglecting our children emotionally and educationally, marriage is increasingly unstable, we are slipping deeper and deeper into acceptance of violence, and we are absorbed into materialism and competitiveness. If we allow these trends to continue, there lie ahead, families that slip further into chaos. As you can see, we are living in a time where there is much help needed. It is time for African-Americans to wake up and take the dominion that God has given them. It is also, time out for just talking about the decay of the community but rather offer solutions to the problems of the community. Having been empowered to understand that true wealth and economics is generated through the family unit and is passed down generationally, one has the ability to empower another so that we can move forward to begin building our communities economically, emotionally, and physically. I pray that this empowerment will not inspire one but rather, transform one to make a change for the generations to come. It†s just like Bishop says, â€Å"Lack of information is ignorance but the inability to use information is stupidity. † Therefore, those who are not prepared will not survive. How to cite Generational Wealth and Economics: Analysis, Essay examples

Organizational Behavior of XYZ Staff Members

Questions: 1.Impact of Integration Model on attitudes, behavior and values of XYZ Staff Members2.Recommendation to deal with the Identified Issues in Big Energy Answers: Introduction In order to fulfill the objectives of an organization, attitudes, behavior as well as values of the employees act an important role. Hence, employer of the organization take care wellbeing of the employees for getting best possible benefit from them. However, merger between two organizations can bring fear and situations of conflicts between the employees of those organizations unless effective measure is taken by the employers. Armstrong (2012) stated that the management of an organization also needs to keep in mind that distrust and fear might not be arise that results loss in their work and feeling as cynical over the steps taken by the management (Nekoranec, 2013). Thus, managers of the organization have a crucial role to understand every matter and respect as well as treat them with proper importance. 1.Installing merger in XYZ have brought fear in the staffs members of the company by seeing chief executive as well as business member of the team of management made redundant and start integration of operation (Schwartza Boehnkeb, 2004). Job security becomes on the line as the structure of business were same type and duplicated functions such as two marketing departments and operational departments. Thus, it creates high possibility of losing the jobs of remaining staffs. The persisting staffs are left hanging with low morale. Majority of the government own energy organization and corporate process of sale. XYZ Energy has brought well established sales procedure that helps to be competitive in private sector for a record price. In addition, the action taken by the management of Big Energy were unethical as XYZ management team members need to be redundant without making any consideration of the effort as well as value putting in the procedure as well as systems of the company for integration. Utilizing the Schwartz model, conservation model explains the extent for motivating the employees to preserve status quo as well as certainty provided by it. McShane, OlekalnsTravaglione2013, p. 50) stated that there is any value congruence among the staffs and the company as it fails to recognize importance of the value in the existing process of XYZ Energy. It failed to recognize the importance of the values present in the existing procedure of XYZ energy along with systems. The work environment of Big Energy has given discourages that make values consistent in behavior, which generate negativity in the company. Attitudes are considered as cluster of beliefs and evaluated the feelings along with behavioral intentions for the persons, objects and event (McShane, OlekalnsTravaglione, 2013, p. 102). In addition, attitude is considered as organizational behavior for job satisfaction, which refers the interpretation of the persons job context. Thompson McHugh (2009) commented that the level of satisfaction directly affects absenteeism as well as turnover in the particular organization. Identifying dissatisfaction of the employees is required to use model. Being successful organization, XYZ Energy had a strong, established robust procedure and systems that can manage the business and its risks. Innovated new procedures in the areas provide important competitive benefits. The organization had loyal staffs relatively with low turnover ((Nekoranec 2013, p.96). Management of the organization had largely majority in the sales process that was announced for the staffs extremely proud of the value. The core business structure of the organization was not similar and operated in similar energy of retailing market. For an instance, it is required to be more commercial and efficient in trading as well as operational department. Chief executive along with functional members of the business is redundant to any types of integration of the operations at XYZ energy into Big Energy. Sally was retained for post sale that facilitates the parts of integrating into the operation. Big Energy needs to remove majority of the persistingstaffs as rapidly as pos sible for core competitions. The morale involved in XYZ Energy staffs to be plummeted for realizing that process. The team members are not allowed to compete based on the merits. Hence, it is required to focus on the innovative procedure as well as integration compared to the quality as well as long-term advantages (Manchanda, 2014, p. 1145). In addition, Sally felt strong beliefs that supported the development of the theory. It is important to attempt argument for senior management to revisit in the model of integration and leverage competitive benefits. However, work environment in Big Energy has discouraged value-consistent behavior, which may cause negativity to the particular organization. Perkins and Raisa (2013) asserted that level of satisfaction among the employees directly affects on turnover as well as absenteeism in the organization. Exit-Voice-Loyalty-Neglect model is useful to identify dissatisfaction among the staffs of the organization (Greenberg 2011). In the model, exit is about more number of employees selecting to leave the particular organization. Voice can be referred as Sally JohnSon trying to speak to the superior management in Big Energy related to the requirements and reanalyze the process of integration model and priorities to maintain as well as advantages completely from its competitive benefits as well as proficient staffs. Chughtai (2013) asserted tha neglect is about reducing effort in work for declining moral amongst the persisting staffs, which results failure in Big Energy to leverage innovative syst ems as well as procedures to the advantages. There are also little chances to communicate among the staffs and senior management of the organization. They rarely turn up remote office in order to involve with new staffs in the team (Wright Bonnet 2007, p. 142). Communications between different managers as well as their negative working environment is considered as feedback that helps to determine positive working environment. The managers can provide subordinates to get a chance for interacting with them and solve the issues (McShane, OlekalnsTravaglione2013, p.111). It results fail in putting enough report for integration and any difference of their obstacle for getting success in the organization with the staffs. 2.(Kondalkar, 2007, p.83) mentioned that the organizations need to work in effective ethics and values for its employees. According to the concept of ethical principles, disruptive justice is considered as equal rewards along with burdens, which are similar to each other. Having instead of effort, it leads up to the process of sale previously. The management of the organization needs to be partial to the persisting employees of the organization. It allows the staffs to compete for the jobs, which is based on the merit. It is not ethical to the organization e= for simplifying the tasks for XYZ employees (Edwards and Cable, 2009). In this context, big fish eat small fishes. In this regard, upper hand gets priority in the bigger situation. The management of Big Energy requires being partial to other staffs of XYZ in order to make proper competition the jobs based on the job for investing more previously compared to leading up to the process of sale (Aura, 2010) Engagement of the employe es is vital to develop motivated workforce in the particular organization. Exception of the individual staffs is required to distribute fairly (Kondalka, 2007). Involvement of the staffs is required to develop motivated workforce. On the other hand, big energy generally overlooks long term advantages of the employee engagement. It leads to reject morale and staffs of the organization. Jaroslav (2013) stated that motivated employees have ability to generate high quality work. Thus, management of Big Energy needs to concentrate on motivation of their staffs as well as involving in the new team rather than focusing on speed of integration. According to Creed (2011), developing engaged workforce in an organization needs proper commitments of the employees and management of the organization. Therefore, effective commitments in work explain the mindset and positivity of the organization in fulfilling the target as well as supportive work environment. It also deals with the staffs in proper manner and acknowledgement that can contribute and provide scopes for development of the staffs in the organization. In this situation, management of Big Energy may develop appropriate commitment through fairly training the employees. The process would be based on the merit of them at the time of retaining their jobs. In addition, acknowledgement of the innovative procedure as well as systems is owed to hard work of the staff members of XYZ. Thus, it is required to be supportive for Sally Johnson in terms of retaining staffs of XYZ. XYZ Energy had honest and loyal employees with low rate of turnover along with well respected team. It makes a contrast with present situation as low rate of morale and leaving job by several people. However, staffs likely to remain in the current situation while moral situation is high. Creed (2011) stated that Brad Bird focuses on the significance of job satisfaction and explains the process of transforming a dollar to three dollars by using high morale. In this situation, management of Big Energy needs to align values of the organization with its staffs. Jaroslav (2013) commented that employees were proud for value developed by them for the organization in the process of sale. On the other hand, Big Energy has failed to create any significant value in the staffs of the organization instead of emphasizing on integration speed. As a result, long term advantages are hampered in Big Energy. Thus, it is required to ensure satisfaction and commitment along with low rate of turnover. Big Energy had value shapes in attitude as well as behavior. Hence, value of the organization and individuals are similar, there will be less chance to generate conflicts as well as positive attitudes as the result of any types of decisions. It ensures satisfaction as well as commitment towards the organization. Value congruence generates better job satisfaction and intent for retaining in the particular organization. It is important in an organization to have effective communication (Morgeson et al. 2013). Hence, in order to teach as well as influence subordinates and reporting along with seeking approval needs to interact with other and require sound communication among the staffs of the organization. Edwards and Cable (2009) commented that management of the organization can understand demand of the staffs through interacting with them. Effective communication also plays a vital role to motivate employees. Kondalkar (2007, p.83) stated that proper communication between the managers with their subordinates is considered as proper feedback and influence the growth of positive environment for working. Therefore, it is recommended for the management of Big Energy to participate in the activities and encourage staffs to interact with more number of people. Goal-setting theory can be helpful to motivate and influence behavior of the staffs. In addition, communication needs to be useful while it comes to the part of motivation for employees. Effective communication is essential at the time of providing feedback. It is the part of procedure of motivating the staffs, which usually comes with the setting of target. Hence, it is recommended to the management of the organization to participate actively for empowering them to communicate between each other. The management of the organization need to play a crucial part through providing scheduled feedbacks to enhance overall performance in the workplace. Conclusion Success of XYZ Energy is not blessed with getting success of being the organization, which has powerful procedures as well as systems. However, strong procedure and system are the strengths of XYZ energy along with well-respected management and loyal employees. The management team of Big Energy unable to possess similar abilities to obtain respect from the staffs for having wrong priorities as well as lack of comprehending the demands of the staff. The changes as well as enhancements are developed and the results of the integration that is not suited with good people of the organization and put in the bad system of Big Energy. The integration between Big Energy and XYZ Energy has created tensions among the staffs and define the importance of job security required to be kept in the minds of the managers. Hence, it is recommended to Big Energy to investigate deeper into the existed issues and retain skilled employees as long as possible in order to gain competitive advantages in the market. References Armstrong, M 2012, Armstrong's Handbook of Human Resource Management Practice, 12th edn, Kogan Page. Creed, A 2011, Organisational Behaviour, Oxford University Press, South Melbourne. Greenberg, J 2011, Behavior in Organizations, 10th edn, Pearson Education, England. Kondalkar, VG 2007, Organisational Behaviour, New Age International. McShane, S, Olekalns, M Travaglione, T, 2013, Organisational behaviour : emerging knowledge, global insights, 4th edn, McGraw Hill Australia, N.S.W. Perkins, S, Raisa, A, 2013, Organizational Behaviour : People, Process, Work and Human Resource Management, Kogan Page. Thompson, P, McHugh, D 2009, Work Organizations: A Critical Approach, Palgrave Macmillan, UK. Appelbaum, SH, Gandell, J, Yortis, H, Proper, S Jobin, F, 2000, Anatomy of a merger: behavior of organizational factors and processes throughout the pre- during post-stages (part 1), Management Decision, vol. 38, issue 9, p. 649 662, viewed 23 February 2016, Emerald Insight Database. Chughtai, AA 2013, Linking affective commitment to supervisor to work outcomes, Journal of Managerial Psychology, July, vol. 83, issue 4, pp. 606 - 627, viewed 23 February 2016, Emerald Insight Database. Codreanu, A 2010, ORGANISATIONAL COMMUNICATION PATTERNS UNDERLYING THE CONCEPT OF ORGANISATIONAL BEHAVIOUR ', Review of the Air Force Academy, issue 1, p. 98-103, viewed 23 February 2016, Proquest Database. Edwards, JR Cable, DM 2009, The value of value congruence, Journal of Applied Psychology, vol. 94, no. 3, pp. 654-677, viewed 23 February 2016, Proquest Database. Manchanda, P 2014, IMPACT OF ORGANIZATIONAL JUSTICE ON EMPLOYEE COMMITMENT IN SELECT PRIVATE SECTOR BANKS', International Journal of Organizational Behaviour Management Perspectives, vol. 28, issue 6, p. 1145-1157, viewed 23 February 2016, Proquest Database. Nekoranec, J 2013, MANAGEMENT AND ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOUR. SOME BASIC ASPECTS, Journal of Defense Resources Management, vol. 4, issue 1, p. 93-98, viewed 23 February 2016, Proquest Database. Shwartz, SH Boehnkeb, K 2004, Evaluating the Structure of Human Values with Confirmatory Factor Analysis, Journal of Research in Personality, vol. 38, no. 3, p. 230-255, viewed 23 February 2016, ResearchGate Database. Wright*, T Bonett, DG 2007, Job Satisfaction and Psychological Well-Being as Nonadditive Predictors of Workplace Turnover, Journal of Management, vol. 33, no. 2, pp. 949-973, viewed 23 February 2016, Sage Journal Database.

Chronicle of a Death Foretold Review Essay Example

Chronicle of a Death Foretold Review Paper Essay on Chronicle of a Death Foretold Marquez, the second for today winner of the Nobel Prize in whom I dare to write something. I believe in the magic of real life. I think that the magical realism Carpentier called it a miracle, what is reality, or rather, the reality is Latin America Gabriel Garcia Marquez The story of one death this is special, dissimilar to other Marquez novel. This is a prime example of his signature style magic realism. In this he is probably the best. We will write a custom essay sample on Chronicle of a Death Foretold Review specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Chronicle of a Death Foretold Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Chronicle of a Death Foretold Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The plot of the novel, or short story, do not know how or rather in the style of South American soap operas. Why it came to the mind of Jack Londons novel Hearts of Three. South American passion, too. Revenge for the desecrated honor, son avenging his father, brother, his sister, sister of But entertaining reading. London itself thought so. What else can you compare? Wilkie Collins The Moonstone ? I have something in common in my opinion. More specifically, I will not say as the read for a long time and do not remember much. In the day when he had to kill, Santiago Nasar got up at half past five, to meet the ship on which the bishop was coming Marquez Marquez would not have been if he had initially, the first sentence to put the reader into a dead end, surprise him, delight. And to keep, keep in suspense until the last page. Who vynovat in the loss of innocence, Angel? Was the fault of Santiago, go slandered him? The story goes like through the prism of the narrator, a friend of Santiago, and residents danogo town, friends and acquaintances, as well as the town is not big, all we knew each other. In this case, the narrator takes us into the future for many years, in the past. It speaks to the talent and skill of the author to create a plurality of fragments, pieces of a picture of the last hours of the life of Santiago, to know his life, his character and plans for the future. It fascinates and surprises. How can you write? The mind does not understand. All parts of this mosaic perfectly worked out, and are connected in such a harmonious tragic story of murder. Bravo. I have no words ..

NSG KWLA Essays

NSG KWLA Essays NSG KWLA Essay NSG KWLA Essay Through invitation held with not only subject X but alls her mother we were able to gain a better insight on her psycho-social development. There are various developments throughout this stage of life and some theorists that I found interesting that relate to school aged child development were Pigged, Goldberg especially in the aspect of peer relationships and Erickson in particular pertaining to morality development and self-concept. WALLA: 1 . ) How does increased television and video-games correlate with health- related risk factors during middle childhood? A. Rationale: Generally, the middle childhood stage of development is seen as one of the healthiest periods of our lifetime. As most people already know, lack of physical activity does not promote healthy living and can in return cause health problems and concerns such as obesity. Research that has been conducted shows that among U. S. Children physical activity and fitness have been declining and it is believed to be correlated with increased time devoted to television and video-games. According to Dunn and Craig obesity has become a major problem among this age group, studies show that nearly 9% of grade school aged children are obese. Middle childhood obesity is seen to have not only early medical effects such as asthma but also long term affects that may not develop until adulthood. According and article on childhood obesity by Baron and Marcus, children who are obese are more predisposed to health complications later in life such as heart failure and type II diabetes. B. References: Craig, G. J. , Dunn, W. L. (2013). Understanding Human Growth and Development (3. De. , up. 203-205). New Jersey:Prentice Hall. The Effects of Childhood Obesity. Education. Mom. N. P. , n. D. Web. 28 Cot. 2014. 2. How does cognitive development at this age change perception of the child? A. Rationale: According to Pigged, children at this age have a concrete operational way of thinking. The thought of a child at this age is more logical and they realize that there is a cause-effect mechanism to their action. This changes their perception because they have become less egocentric and have developed social cognition which is an unders tanding on the social world around the child and there self within the social world, the child becomes ore focused on how their thoughts compare with other. Goldberg expanded piglets two stage theory of moral development and explains that this operational stage of development is based on social conformity to their win the approval of peers or to avoid disapproval. B. References: Craig, G. J. , Dunn, W. L. (2013). Understanding Human Growth and Development (3. De. , up. 203-205). New Jersey:Prentice Hall. 3. ) How do peer relationships change throughout this stage of development? A. Rationale: Subject X explained that she had a big group of friends at school and they have similar personality traits to her own. In early childhood friendships and peer relationships are based on physical similarities and are informal and relatively unstable. Robert Salesmans research explained that during this age unlike early childhood, friendships are more genuine and friends are seen as those who help the child, also a bond of trust begins to develop and friendships are seen to be more stable. Peer groups in this age share interests, norms and goals and are very important throughout middle childhood. Growth and Development (3. . , up. 203-205). New Jersey:Prentice Hall. Reflection: I personally really enjoyed this project and I think it was an excellent way of being able to go through the stages Of development at a more personal, hands on experience. It also allowed me to work on communication skills as well as better developing in working with a group. Since I have already been trough this stage of development was able to reflect on past experiences of my own that made me understand this stage a little be tter.

The business of water Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The business of water - Essay Example This paper illustrates that since water companies began to be privatised, there has been an ongoing debate from both the political and social circles regarding the sustainability of private water companies. The debate has brought together political movements, labour movements and major corporations with each side having a conflicting opinion regarding privatising water services. There is a common pattern in developed countries regarding the improvement of water and sanitation services. In many countries across the world, water provision services began as early as the 17th century. However, such services were only used by people of a higher social class and state departments such as the fire brigades. The subsequent development of urban centres saw an influx of people towards cities thus creating a water crisis. Water ceased to become an incentive but a requirement for almost every household in the urban areas. Despite the fact that the previous water and sanitation services were oper ated by private entities, municipalities and urban councils took over the provision of water services to address the rising acute water shortage. France, however, maintained the status quo and private water companies continued to operate independently which explains why the largest water companies in the world are France’s Suez and Veolia. Those in support of municipalities taking over water and sanitation services argued that the state bodies had the ability to address the inefficiencies in water provision by private contractors.

Strategic Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Strategic Management - Essay Example In this paper, the analysis of strategic management will revolve around a small family business dealing with laundry appliances repair with only two employees precisely a father working as the technician and his son handling matters to do with administration. Strategic management comes along with many benefits to a business. Thomas and David Hunger maintain that firms that incorporate strategic management into their daily activities always â€Å"outperform† those firms that do not. When a firm enlarges, it becomes hard for it to afford following intuitive strategies. This is because, upon enlargement, a firm’s environment or its layers of management changes substantially (Wheelen & Hunger, 2011). However, as working environment continues to be more complex due to ever changing systems of management in the world, today, firms are applying strategic management as a form of cooperating and making the environment more manageable. Strategic management is beneficial to a firm mainly because it facilitates collection of information and formulation of policies. The laundry firm can use strategic management policies to gather information from external and internal environment which in turn corporate formulation of variables in the firm. With globalization comes broad market. In this case, globalization enables a firm identify general forces that include societal and natural environments that make it easier to identify different clusters of competitors and customers making it easier to combine a sustainable environment. It is necessary for a firm to have the suitable information in order to find ways in which it can fulfill its goals via its corporate mission (Wheelen & Hunger, 2011). Globalization makes it possible for a firm to have structural, resourceful, and cultural information, which is important for a firm to enhance its corporate strategy. In addition, strategic management enables a firm to implement the set policies and formulate the gathered info rmation, which facilitates assessment of its capabilities. This in turn draws measures that enable the firm to satisfy its clientele by improving its distribution of products and services via an organized system. The impacts of environmental sustainability to a business are many. For the laundry firm to achieve the best in its line of business, it must set in place models that play an important role towards creation a sustainable environment. This shows that businesses should have models that contribute to a healthy and safe environment. According to environmental experts, a safe environment provides a platform for economic growth and business sustainable development. In order to get benefits that come along with sustained environment, a firm must address environmental issues such as pollution. As such, this laundry firm should seek to address environmental problems in order to enjoy innovative solutions brought by new market opportunities (Wheelen & Hunger, 2011). In addressing com ponents involved in the environmental scanning and industry analysis process, analysts revolve around environmental assessment, forecasting, and monitoring. In this case, environmental scanning deals with macro environment, which consists of competitors, industries, clients, markets, and companies. Environmental scanning thus interprets technological and economic events as well as political trends that are influential to a

Behavioural Influence of Executive Pay Plan Essay

Behavioural Influence of Executive Pay Plan - Essay Example While economists tend to place importance on money as a strong motivator, behavioural scientists tend to consider it weak. Pendleton, A. notes in his book: "achieving change in employee attitudes and behaviour has often been an important objective of those introducing employee share ownership schemes. It is thought that share-owning employees will feel greater commitment to the firm and a greater sense of identity with its aims"(154). The idea of inculcating a higher sense of ownership among employees to enhance overall company performance seems to be the underlying reason for this new plan. Whether there is a direct relationship between share ownership and greater employee motivation and commitment is debatable. It is however likely that ownership which encompasses employee participation can make the employees react in a positive manner. "Consistent with incentive theory, the evidence also shows that firms and workplaces with shared compensation practices have a higher incidence of shared decision-making/information sharing practices" (Conyan and Freeman 1). From the employee perspective, making employees stakeholders, can induce a higher sense of responsibility among them and give them a sense of greater role in decision-making. However if this expectation is not met, it could then lead to a sense of frustration and discontentment. The other reason for employee discontent could be related to share value. If it falls for reasons that employees perceive as beyond their control it could work as a demotivator and impact employee morale. Aptly pointed out by Cooper and Rousseau: As the destiny of employees becomes more tightly integrated through ownership via financial participation, issues of work/life separation (shared futures with the fortunes of the organization) and the very meaning of work will be raised. What will be the consequence for employees in terms of role confusion, wellbeing and stress levels, work values, commitment, cooperative versus competitive behaviours The confusion in identities also comes hand-in-hand with an increasing diversity of psychological contracts at work-or certainly the attitudinal stances within these contracts towards HRM policies aimed at a performance culture, and shared risk policies and practices (Sparrow 2000a). Not all employees seek increased financial participation or involvement in their organization. The assumptions of generic improvements in motivation, commitment, and engagement with the commercial process that seem to underlie much of the popular discussion of employee ownership are by no means proven. Inde ed, there are more grounds to expect wide individual differences in the in the attractiveness of such a concept, and the relevant outcomes noted above ( 52). The new reward system is bound to influence employee perceptions and impact behavioural factors which will influence motivation, performance and morale. This is discussed below. Commitment and Recognition versus Individual Goals Mitchie, Oughton and Bennion note that "the positive effect that involvement and participation policies have on motivation and commitment may be enhanced and made more effective and

The Role Of The 1870 Forster Education Act Education Essay

The Role Of The 1870 Forster Education Act Education Essay This Act provided a network of elementary schools for filling the gaps in the provision from church-run charity schools which were available for the poor, while the rich could afford private tutors. They only wanted all the children to have the basic education, not to change the class basis of education. Forester Education Act made state education compulsory up to the age of 10 and so they were taking childrens out of employment. The childrens families did not like that because they would have less money with childrens not working. The writer H. G. Wells describe this an act to educate the lower class lines, and with specially trained, inferior teachers. However, the Act signified the first general acceptance, which leads in schooling being paid from state taxations and resulting in a link between the state and education that exit today. The 1870 Act, also explain the cause of so many old primary schools existing from 100 years ago, many of them being build in the years following the Act. There were some reasons for introducing this Act such as an economical benefit like educated workforce beneficial for society and also for maintaining global position. Philanthropic reason, because it was wrong to have childrens working from young ages, seen as being antirevolutionary, appearing to bring equality which will also be beneficial to society and to individual. Another reason could be that it seemed that the school provided some kind of social control through education by teaching people how to behave. This Act was introduced also because of political functions being in need for educated population (Taylor P, 1995), (Wilson P, 1989). Taylor P, R. J. (1995). Sociology in focus. Bath: The Bath Press. Wilson P, K. A. (1989). Sociology for GCSE and modern studies. London: HarperCollins. Identify the differences between formal education and the hidden curriculum. Make reference to the functionalist and the Marxist viewpoint. In schools childrens are learning a lot of things that are not part of their timetable of official lessons. The hidden curriculum term is used to refer at what children learn indirect from the manner in which the school is organised and also from their teachers. In most of the schools hidden curriculum include punctuality, obedience to authority, appropriate dress, co-operation, honesty. These values and others are communicated by teachers in assemblies. The formal education, comparing with the hidden curriculum, refers to the skills that a person already has, that are prescribed, fixed and it cant be changed. Marxists argue that it creates subservient workforce who are trained to be compliant and bored but the functionalists argue that this is beneficial for the society, they argue that society needs to be in balance, to work together(Guy, C., 2012). Guy, C., (12.12.2012), Hidden Curriculum-Formal Curriculum, Handout Describe and evaluate the tripartite system of education. There were theories that there were different types of pupils, with different abilities and aptitudes and that they could identify a childs type by intelligence testing. Because of this theory, the 1944 Act had introduced a national test called the 11 plus test for allocating childrens to one of the three types of secondary school. Those three types of secondary school were technical schools, secondary modern schools and grammar school. These three were known as tripartite system of secondary education. Grammar school were aiming for children who were classified as bright and academic good at solving logical problems. These childrens were meant to study science, mathematics and difficult subject in order to prepare for GCE exams. There are records showing that less than 20 % of the school population went to study in grammar schools. The technical schools were meant to be for children with abilities in technical subjects with an attendance of 5 %, but most of the children went to seco ndary modern schools. They received basic education with an opportunity in taking an external examination until CSEs was introduced in 1960. The tripartite system was meant to provide separate but equal types of schooling geared for those children with particular abilities. Some of the ideas of the Act were to have equal status, similar equipment and staffing, but that did not worked in practice. There were children that did not participated in the tripartite system at all. Also the private sector of education was being excluded from the scope of the Act and the independent schools continued to charge fees. There were some criticisms of the tripartite system because they provided low self esteem for children making them to think that they are not cleaver enough or they did not tried enough. Another criticism was that provided social class division in society because even though the fees were abolished, working class children were less likely to go to a grammar school that those from middle class. Because of the criticisms about 11 plus examination, the tripartite system was rejected. (Taylor P, 1995), (Wilson P, 1989). Taylor P, R. J. (1995). Sociology in focus. Bath: The Bath Press. Wilson P, K. A. (1989). Sociology for GCSE and modern studies. London: HarperCollins. Describe and evaluate the comprehensive system. Comprehensive system is based on the principle of one type of secondary school for everyone. Children from all kind of social backgrounds and with all kind of abilities could attend the same type of school, being provided with the same chances and opportunities to obtain training and qualification. The age 11 entrance exam does not exist. Legislation from 1980s provided parents with large choices of schools. The movement from selective to comprehensive school remains a political matter. The political left and the Labour party favourite comprehensive schools because in their opinion this was the only school that provided equality in education. In contrast with this, the right and the Conservative Party were very concern about providing appropriate education for everyone. In 1965 the Local Education Authorities were asked by the Labour government to reorganise secondary education on comprehensive lines. The trend of comprehensive slowed down after 1970 allowing grammar schools to exist at the same time as comprehensives. With the election of Labour government was also introduce a legislation requiring all LEAs to go comprehensive. By the end of May 1979, 80% of secondary school children were attending comprehensive. Comprehensive schools failed to meet their originals aims because some public opinions opposed comprehensive education; a broad social mix in a school has rarely been achieved as schools reflect their catchment area; New Right claimed that academically capable children were held back (Taylor P, 1995). Taylor P, R. J. (1995). Sociology in focus. Bath: The Bath Press. Wilson P, K. A. (1989). Sociology for GCSE and modern studies. London: HarperCollins. What is marketization in education? Explain and evaluate how league tables can play a part in marketization. Marketization in education represent the way the school make them buyable by the parents who want a good school for their childrens, a school that provide high standards of benefits such as school that provide a swimming pool, a meal, a music room or a sport club. The League Tables were introduced to provide information about the schools. Also because of the existence of League Tables, parent were able to make a better choice in which school to enrol their children, meaning that there was a competition created between school named as marketization; parents wanting to sent their children to schools that appeared successful in League Tables (Wilson P, 1989). Taylor P, R. J. (1995). Sociology in focus. Bath: The Bath Press. Wilson P, K. A. (1989). Sociology for GCSE and modern studies. London: HarperCollins. Describe and evaluate the role of vocational education in the UK today. Vocational education means training for a specific job. Because the industry needed skilled work forces, they made these vocational education schools in which pupils were trained in vocational courses because some of the childrens responded better to courses related to work. Some of the recent initiatives are; youth training scheme (YTS), employment training (ET), national vocational qualification (NVQ). This is another attempt to raise standards. Evaluating the vocational education, some argue that dont leave equal opportunities, some vocational courses are not highly valued and may be considerate as second rate. Some are saying that are unfair because are set when childrens are too young; also this may be a way of paying law wages and there may not be a job at the end. From Marxist point of view, the industry is failing. He argues that it is more about training for low wages. However, universities have been open to vocational qualification, but not all (Guy, C., 2012). Guy, C., (05.12.2012) Vocationalism, Handout Describe and evaluate the Assisted Placed Scheme. This scheme sponsors academically gifted children, helping them to pay the fees for their independent schooling. It was initiated in 1980 by The Education Act and operates by the Secretary of State for Education. The parents who had childrens at independent school were given help in paying the fees. They wanted to give a chance to gifted children who had less affluent parent at having a high academically education. By 1985, 17,500were using the scheme and by 1990, 34,000. In 1988 and 1989, the cost of the scheme was  £50 millions. As an overall the cost was small. The scheme weakens the state sector of education but reinforce the private sector. The selection process involves interviews with parents and children, procedure which can affect childrens with parents from working class backgrounds. There is an assumption in the scheme that the schooling offered by the independent schools is better that that from the state system (Taylor P, 1995). Taylor P, R. J. (1995). Sociology in focus. Bath: The Bath Press. Wilson P, K. A. (1989). Sociology for GCSE and modern studies. London: HarperCollins. Analyse and evaluate the role that the Public School System plays in Britain today. The public schools were categorised as agents of moral and spiritual development. They are still following their tradition, they have special attire. They are controlled by democratic authority and administration. In public schools, people can be seen as constituents meaning, they have a legitimate say in how the school should be run. In a way it can be said that private school are run by the parents who pay fees for their childrens (Holborn, 2004). The Public Schools term is commonly used in England and Wells referring to a group of 10 per cent of independent schools. The Public Schools are more prestigious schools such as Eton, Harrow and Rugby because they had always prepared pupils for important public offices. From 2000 independent schools, 200 are public schools. Holborn, H. a. (2004). Sociology-Themes and Perspectives, sisth edition. London: HarperCollins. Taylor P, R. J. (1995). Sociology in focus. Bath: The Bath Press. Wilson P, K. A. (1989). Sociology for GCSE and modern studies. London: HarperCollins.

Graduation Speech -- Graduation Speech, Commencement Address

I did not get to know many of you. So, I cannot be certain of how you feel, but, as for me, this year has been, by far, the most enjoyable and eye opening one of my high school career. Enjoyable because of the new, interesting friends I've made and of the fun times I've had, and eye opening because of my being forced to look towards the future. Not just day dreaming and imagining about the rest of my life, but finally having to sit down and make some definite decisions concerning it. For me and many of you, colleges have had to be applied for and decided on and scholarships filled out. Some of you have been looking into vocational schools or the military, while others will be going straight into the work force. Whatever your case may be, we've all had one thing in common in that we've been planning for our futures. Since the decisions we make now or soon will impact the rest of our lives, I'd like to take this time to share some advice with you all. The most important advice I believe I can share is to do what you want to do. Don't be pressured into some life career because it's the most respectable or because it would make your family the proudest. Happiness is the greatest goal in life and is self-contained. The happiness of others will not satisfy you in the long run. If your fondest wish is to become an Atlantic Puffin breeder in northern Maine, then go for it. Don't allow anyone or anything to stop you. Also, many of you must fully realize how much time of your life a job will take up. Not just working, but preparing for it and the thought that will go towards it daily. In fact, for most of you, your life will revolve around your job. Where you live, who you see everyday, will mostly be dependent upon the job you choose... ... So, don't think that just because you're not starting college right away or not going to college at all, that you're bound to not get what you want out of life. It takes work, but, if you're determined enough, you can usually achieve your goals. Though you cannot expect to achieve all the goals you set for yourself, don't ever be afraid to at least try. Failure is one of the greatest ways to learn in that although you have failed, the new experiences you have gained while trying to achieve your goal will make you aware of new possibilities and allow you to form new goals for yourself. So remember, don't conform into exactly what society wants you to be. Do what you want to do. And if you don't know what that is already, find out. Don't be afraid to try different things. Be a risk taker. Live your lives for all they're worth because they won't last forever!

Ethical Decision Making Essay

Ethics are important in business and the leader has important role in ethical decision making. A success leader is who has the courage to build his or her company to meet the needs of all the stakeholders, and who recognizes the importance of the service to society. The common theme for the leader play in ethical decision making is trust, fairness, and transparency. First, trust is based on ethical behavior of firm to form a strong base of any long-term business. Thus, leaders must act what they believe based on their strong value of religion, education, and family. Secondly, ethics refer to the fairness for making any decision or adjustment. Therefore, leaders should consider would their decision be fair for everyone affected by it before any action taken. Finally, it is important in such a way that is easy for others to see what actions are performed. Leader with well transparency would be happy to make the decision in public, especially to the people affected by it. Making the ethical decision is the duty of ethical leaders to instill these principles and face its sequential challenges. Business leaders must energize employees at all levels, utilizing a comprehensive set of methods to promote and recognize ethical actions. What must be in place for ethical decision making to occur in a business? In business, ethics is an essential configuration of leadership. The leader needs to make ethical decision when the business operators make competitive, strategic and tactical decisions that affect both stockholders and stakeholders such as downsizing and outsourcing. According to â€Å"How leader can be ethical role models† article, 79 percent of teens surveyed said they felt prepared to make ethical decisions when they enter the workforce. However, 38 percent said it is sometimes necessary to cheat, steal, lie or behave violently to succeed. Many leaders are now torn between company profits and doing the right thing. They are also torn between doing what is right for the company long-term and what is good for their careers in the short-term.

All About the Major French Verb Faire

All About the Major French Verb Faire The irregular verb faire  (to do or to make)  is one of the 10 most frequently used verbs in the French language alongside à ªtre,  avoir, dire, aller, voir, savoir, pouvoir, falloir, and vouloir. Faire is also used to form  the causative construction and in numerous idiomatic expressions. 'To Do' or 'To Make' Faire means to do and to make in most senses that these verbs are used in English. Je fais la lessive:  Im doing the laundry.Je fais mes devoirs: Im doing my homework.Je fais du bricolage: I do odd jobs/DIY projects.Je fais un gà ¢teau: Im making a cake.Je fais des projets: Im making plans.Je fais des progrà ¨s: Im making progress. Exceptions When the intent is to communicate to make, the French tend to be more specific, and, instead of faire, they would use, for example, fabriquer, construire, obliger, forcer, donner,  or a whole list of alternate verbs. In the following instances, idiomatic usage calls for  the verbs rendre and prendre, not faire: When to make is followed by an adjective, it is translated by rendre: Ça me rend heureux: That makes me happy. To make a decision is expressed with  prendre une dà ©cision: Jai pris une dà ©cision: I made a decision. Causative Construction The  causative  construction  faire  plus an infinitive describes when someone or something has something done, makes someone do something, or causes something to happen. Je fais laver la voiture: Im having the car washed.Il ma fait laver la voiture: He made me wash the car.Le froid fait geler leau: Cold makes water freeze. Expressions With 'Faire' Faire is used in a number of idiomatic expressions, including many related to weather, sports, math, and everyday life. Il fait du soleil: Its sunnyIl fait froid:  Its cold out.il fait beau/il  fait beau temps:  Its nice weather./Its nice out./The weather is fine/nice.Je fais du ski: I ski.Je fais du golf: I golf.Deux et deux font quatre: Two plus two equals (makes) four.Je fais de lautostop:  Im hitchhiking.Il fait sa tà ªte:  He acts impulsively.Ça fait parti de notre projet:  Thats part of our plan.faire 5 kilomà ¨tres:  to go 5 kilometersfaire trois heures: to be on the road for three hoursfaire acte de prà ©sence:  to put in an appearancefaire attention :  to pay attention to, watch out forfaire bon accueil:  to welcomefaire de la peine quelquun:  to hurt someone (emotionally or morally)faire de la photographie:  to do photography as a hobbyfaire des chà ¢teaux en Espagne:  to build castles in the airfaire des cours:  to give classes, lecturesfaire des à ©conomies:  to save up/to save money/to economizefaire de son mieux:  to do ones bestfaire du lard  (familiar): to sit around doing nothingfaire du sport:  to play sports faire du thà ©Ãƒ ¢tre:  to be an actor/to do some actingfaire du violon, piano:  to study violin, pianofaire dune pierre deux coups:  to kill two birds with one stonefaire face :  to oppose/to face up tofaire fi:  to scornfaire jour, nuit:  to be daytime, nighttimefaire la bà ªte:  to act like a foolfaire la bise, le bisou:  to kiss hellofaire la connaissance de:  to meet (for the first time)faire le mà ©nage:  to do housework Conjugations You will find  all tenses  of  faire  conjugated elsewhere; for now, here is the present tense to illustrate just how irregular this essential French verb is. Present tense je faistu faisil faitnous faisonsvous faitesils font

My Last Race for Marshall essays

My Last Race for Marshall essays ?My league, Prelims Cross Country race was the most intense race I had ran my sophomore season. There were five of us representing the Frosh/Soph. I was extremely nervous because I had been improving, running faster and more at ease. I hoped this would be a good day to hit another personal record. The sun was glaring upon my teammates and I, as we stood, waiting for our fates, at the starting line. It was such a scorching day, but I will never forget what I learned that day. On your marks. We all stepped forward. Set. Everyone was dead silent. "BANG!!! The gun released that burst of excruciating noise I had disliked since day one of racing. And off we went! My friend, Edwin, and I were the first ones from our school to run out the starting line, as we rushed up ahead, increasing our strides. The scene was quite hectic, as we had to defend ourselves from the stampede ahead and behind us. Eventually, we built speed and started to race closer to the front of the pack. Up, up, and up as we rushed up that hill, as well as dashing left and right around corners. On the 3rd mile, a voice shouted out from a hill above shouted out, Gentlemen! Take off! You two are in the lead! Its all up to you two. Finish strong! GO! GO! Our Coach Viana had the power in his voice to always push anyone one of us beyond our weakest points. I changed gears, and started picking up my pace. Push through the pain! I told Edwin. I would not finish the race without him. We were growing very tired, but we knew we had a responsibility to fulfill: to prove the reason why we wore that M, known as Marshall, upon our jerseys. Go on! I cant do this, shouted Edwin, as he started to fall behind. I was not going to let him give up on me when we were less than 200 meters away from the end. No! Dont say that, you can do it! I shouted out, and grabbed his arm and dragged him...

E)Changing Roles in the Household Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

E)Changing Roles in the Household - Essay Example Specifically the Equal Pay Act of 1963 was implemented to promote equal work and employment opportunity for men and women by mandating employers to pay male and female employees equally for performing equal work load except for work differences related to seniority and merits (Reuter, 2009). As part of strengthening the promotion of work diversity and gender equal rights, the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) was established in order to enforce the federal laws concerning work discrimination related to race or ethnicity, color, religion, gender preferences, nationality, age, and physical or mental disability (U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, 2010). As part of determining the current socio-economic status of women and the minorities in the United States including the significance and effectiveness of EEOC in terms of alleviating gender and racial discrimination within a work environment, this study will gather the most recent articles and news reports that has been published online particularly in the Wall Street Journal, news media, business journals, and magazines. Eventually, economics of race and gender will be tackled in relation to the gathered news and articles. Prior to conclusion, strategic ways on how the EEOC could effectively prevent the high incidence of work discrimination related to gender and race will be provided in details. Back in 2003, the entire U.S. workforce is composed of 69.9% White Americans, 13.8% of the African Americans, 11.1% Hispanics, and 5.2% other minorities (Hymowitz, 2005). Out of the White Americans who are employed, 84.5% of them are managers in small-, medium-, and large-scale companies (ibid). Statistics shows that gender discrimination in the United States is still present despite EEOC’s effort to avoid gender and race discrimination at work. In rare cases, there are some women and few individuals coming from the minority groups who were able to establish a strong

Health economics Charles e phelps,, Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Health economics Charles e phelps,, - Essay Example A risk premium is the average expected loss. Ua represents the utility function of an averse person showing the level of satisfaction at income level Ia. X is the risk premium. The graph above represents the levels of satisfaction of two individuals with different levels of income. Io is the expected value. From the graph, Ia is less than Io meaning that the averse person receive a low income and consequently has a utility level that is lower than the expected utility. In the expected benefit calculation, where â€Å"m† is the medical treatment, Pm is its price, f is the probability that an event will occur and C is the co-payment rate, why does it matter that M depends on C? This is because co-payment helps in the reduction of medical care consumption costs. Without copayment, an individual may not be able to access and afford medical treatment. Copayment is also important when it comes to covers relating to medical services since it helps an individual to prevent unwanted expenses. Therefore, when calculating an individual’s expected benefit, all expenses and benefits incurred or gained on medical services have to be considered. Copayment has to be considered since it covers an individual’s medical expenses and that is why M depends on C during calculation of expected benefit. This is the trend of individuals with risky lifestyles or jobs to acquire life insurance. It can make the insurance company face screening and signaling problems. Insurance is always more likely bought by individuals who are prone to higher risks than those with low risks. Insurance firms try to reduce the adverse selection problems of having those who insure big risk buying their product. They do this through adjusting prices and measuring risk. Consequently, life insurance firms need medical documents and will not give policies to individuals who have long term illness.

MGT302 - Org. Behavior and Teamwork Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

MGT302 - Org. Behavior and Teamwork - Essay Example Here in the case of assembling a team of members from two places like rural Beaverton and urban New Yorkers, these forms of issues are very likely to occur. Here there will be issues and challenges in understanding each other and this is not only in terms of the language but also in terms of finesse with which it is used. The native speakers tend to be more experienced and fluent with the language and also are able to converse much more naturally as compared to people who have learnt the language in class. Apart from the language a common issue is the difference in style of working and also the work habits. There are a number of different norms for every culture and each country follows their own rules and regulations in terms of the work day, breaks, and also acceptable times of work. For instance, in China, the country is literally closed on Chinese New Year. Hence similarly every individual in the teams will have a different incentive based on the country they originate from (Roem bke). Also in terms of the timelines, it is crucial to note that different cultures have a different perspective and importance to meeting of timelines. In some cultures the timeline is not as much as an issue as the accuracy in terms of the quality. Hence in a multicultural team, this can cause major drifts among the team members and can also put a lot of strain on the group as a whole. This can lead t communication breakdowns and also lead to conflicts remaining unresolved among the team members as well (Halverson and Tirmiz). Hence here use of computers proves to be very beneficial as it helps reduce the communication breakdowns and also helps in keeping the discussions clear and straight forward. In addition, in many ways the multicultural team could be a bonus in that each segment of the team brings a different viewpoint to the puzzle of marketing a shoe in Brazil. Completion of tasks is also an important element of the business and hence it is important that all tasks are brok en up and sent out to the appropriate individuals and also fixed deadlines are set for the tasks. This will help get the work accomplished effectively without creating a drift within the company. Using a virtual work team can prove to also be difficult as there is a difference in terms of the time spent by every individual in the trying to get to know each other when all these are done virtually. In a few manners the virtual work environment can prove to be challenging however it helps in reducing the issues of personality conflicts (Ubell). However in the virtual teams there is the issue of possible pre – judging that is possible based on the individual’s nationality or accent. Another possible drawback of the virtual teams can be the lack of synergy among the team members. This however can be resolved by means of brainstorming and also by assignment of tasks to the strengths of each individual. Also here there is also a number of opportunities present despite the dif ferences. Hence it is important to accept the differences and capitalise on the opportunities (Kottolli). The main benefits of the virtual teams are that these teams can be developed irrespective of where the members of the team are. Also, the team has a clear mission and also clear expectations from the others within the team. Here this allows better communication, creative thinking, innovation and also collaboration among the members. With the increase in the globalisation and the increase in t

Ethical Dilemma Essay Example for Free

Ethical Dilemma Essay In searching for a solution to the ethical dilemma of animal factories using antibiotics to keep animals well, I think there is only one solution; that is to stop buying animal products that come from these places. The hard part is getting more people to follow suit. The hard part about getting people to stop buying a certain product is that consumer’s don’t always know the risks or problems associated with a certain product, in this case, meat that is tainted with antibiotics. When consumers in the United States go to the grocery store or market, we are so hurried in our lives that checking where the food comes from often is not of importance. If consumers are to make a change, they first need to be educated, and this takes time, so someone has to get the word out, and on a large scale. I would contact major media sectors and draw their attention to the problem. I would check out Internet sources and make blogs or posts of my own. I myself would become an educated consumer and stop buying these products. I would speak to medical professionals such as my family physician to ask about the potential dangers of eating meat and poultry that had been fed antibiotics, and I would change my diet accordingly. I might even get my own hens if my city allowed that in city limits, and I would suggest to others that they do the same. I would share what I know with others and refuse to buy products from animal factories. This is the power that I hold as a consumer, and I would utilize it to solve this ethical dilemma.

X-37B Orbital Test Vehicle (OTV) Orbit

X-37B Orbital Test Vehicle (OTV) Orbit X-37B ORBITAL TEST VEHICLE COMPLETES 625 DAYS IN ORBIT Wg Cdr PA Patil X-37B Orbital Test Vehicle (OTV), a spacecraft operated by the US Air Force was launched aboard the Atlas-V on December 11, 2012 and is stealthily zooming in orbit rising speculations on its clandestine nature of operations. Designed on the contours of Space Shuttle, X-37B is an unmanned spacecraft with a much smaller size fielding advanced technology in a compact airframe structure. X-37B is modified version in the series of X-37 space craft with the earlier version X-37A being used as an Approach Landing and Test Vehicle (ALTV). The USAF claims that this spacecraft is a technology demonstrator of robotic space plane aimed at validating and corroborating the endurance of reusable space vehicle technology. As on date a total of three X-37B missions have been flown. The first mission launched on April 22, 2010 spent a total of 224 days in space and this was followed up with a second mission launched on March 05, 2011 to complete 469 days in the orbit. The third mission continues to or bit in space and has spent in excess of 625 days creating a longevity record. The space craft conceived by NASA in the year 1999 was designed and developed as a reusable re-entry spacecraft by Boeing Integrated Defense System. The project in the year 2004 was transferred to Defence Advance Research Project Agency (DARPA) and was accorded a classified status by the US Air force. The X-37B is 8.9 meters in length, spans 4.5 meters in width, and is 2.9 meters tall weighing 4990 kg.[1] This mini-Space Shuttle like space plane is characterized by the likes of both an aircraft and a spacecraft has been designed for a vertical launch using an expendable launch rocket. The spacecraft is designed to operate in Low Earth Orbit (LEO) at an altitude of 175 to 800 km and is slated to operate at a nominal speed of 7.4 to 7.8 km/s at these orbital altitudes.[2] Once released into the Low Earth Orbit (LEO), the X-37B can stay in orbits for a prolonged duration spread over months. It would derive the power from a specially designed solar array and also carries lithium-ion batt eries to conserve the propellant fuel.[3] Further, it has been designed for aircraft like maneuverability in space and thus would be capable of changing speeds and the altitude or orbits. As the speed of an object irrespective of mass and size at a given altitude in space is fixed, this space plane can continue in its orbit for an indefinite period till it is commanded to change its course or position. The space craft de-orbits from space under the command from ground and would autonomously re-enter the atmosphere in a glider configuration to land horizontally on a runway. As per the latest data extracted on Aug 16, 2014, the X-37B was found to be in an elliptical orbit with a perigee of 313 km and an apogee of 327 km orbiting at the rate of 15.83 revolutions per day.[4] Further, observations of amateur satellite trackers indicate that the X-37B has made only one or two maneuvers. If these observations are true then the spacecraft would have conserved sufficient reserves of thruster propellant for future maneuverability.[5] The sustenance of X-37B in orbit for such a long duration also suggests that the spacecraft is maintaining a persistent orbital profile. The X-37B program from the very beginning has intrigued the world on the secretive nature of its mission and profiles. As per the X-37B OTV factsheet displayed on website of US Air Force, â€Å"the program is to evaluate and test technology of advance guidance, navigation and control, thermal protection systems, avionics, high temperature structures and seals, conformal reusable insulation and lightweight electromechanical flight systems†.[6] However, majority of these stated assessments involve the evaluations in the de-orbiting phase when the spacecraft will be subjected to the re-entry effects and would be required to glide for a controlled landing on the airstrip. Thus, the rationale for sustaining the spacecraft in orbit for such a prolonged duration defeats the proclamation of ‘developing and validating the reusable space vehicle technology’ by the US authorities. A space plane can be planned for numerous tasks that would include maintenance of space assets, extend logistic support for improving life cycle of satellites and space stations, carry out ISR missions, act as a platform for insertion of satellites or act as a space weapon platform. As the mission of X-37B has been closely guarded secret, a number of articles and reports have contemplated the use of this spacecraft as a space weapon platform. The payload bay of the OTV is limited by the size of 7 feet by 4 feet.[7] This size of payload bay would not be in a position to accommodate heavy and large weapon systems. While the platform could be designed to carry small automated weapon systems, the functionality of onboard weapon systems would entail additional payloads in terms of sensors and communication equipment. Further, use of X-37B as a weapon platform would not confer any kind of distinct advantage to United States as it is way ahead in space ventures when compared to its closest adversary. The probability of X-37B acting as an ISR platform is very high as the technologically advanced compact sensor systems can be suitably accommodated in its payload bay. Further, the ground track followed by the space plane is shown below in figure 1 indicates a comprehensive coverage of the middle east countries, the Chinese subcontinent and east Asian subcontinent. While, the exact mission of this space plane would be difficult to judge, the evaluation and experimentations with technology would definitely provide an edge to the United States for its future space ventures. Figure 1. Ground track of X-37B[8] [1]â€Å"X-37B Orbital Test Vehicle†, US Air Force, at http://www.af.mil/AboutUs/FactSheets/Display/tabid/224/Article/104539/x-37b-orbital-test-vehicle.aspx accessed on Aug 26, 2014 [2] â€Å"X-37B Orbital Test Vehicle†, at http://www.boeing.com/boeing/defense-space/ic/sis/x37b_otv/x37b_otv.page [3] â€Å"X-37B OTV Spacecraft Information†, at http://www.spaceflight101.com/x-37b-otv-spacecraft-information.html accessed on August 26, 2014 [4] â€Å"X-37B Orbit†, at https://heavens-above.com/orbit.aspx?satid=39025lat=0lng=0loc=Unspecifiedalt=0tz=UCTcul=en accessed on August 26, 2014 [5] Mike Wall, â€Å"US Air Forces Mysterious X-37B Space Plane Passes 500 Days in Orbit†, at http://www.space.com/25611-x37b-military-space-plane-500-days.html accessed on August 26, 2014 [6] â€Å"X-37B Orbital Test Vehicle†, US Air Force, at http://www.af.mil/AboutUs/FactSheets/Display/tabid/224/Article/104539/x-37b-orbital-test-vehicle.aspx accessed on Aug 26, 2014 [7] â€Å"X-37B Orbital Test Vehicle†, at http://www.boeing.com/boeing/defense-space/ic/sis/x37b_otv/x37b_otv.page [8] â€Å"X-37B Orbit†, at https://heavens-above.com/orbit.aspx?satid=39025lat=0lng=0loc=Unspecifiedalt=0tz=UCTcul=en accessed on August 26, 2014

Free Process Essays - Preparing a Pumpkin Pudding :: Free Expository Process Essays

Preparing a Smashing Pumpkin Pudding It's that time of year again, pumpkin season! Two wonderful family holidays are just around the corner. Traditionally, we spend Thanksgiving or Christmas (or both) with the family to have a nice holiday dinner. There is always delicious food prepared for dinner, but what's dinner without dessert? The most traditional holiday dessert is pumpkin pie, but how about "spicing" that dessert up a little this year? Well, here's the way to do it, a delicious holiday dessert that the whole family will love and it's quick and easy! The first step in baking, of course, is to gather all the ingredients necessary for the job. Luckily with this dessert, most of what you need, you'll already find in your kitchen. Whatever you don't have, you can just pick up at your local grocery store: 1 can pumpkin, 3 eggs, 1 cup milk, 1/2 tsp. salt, 1/2 tsp. ginger, 1/2 tsp. cloves, 1/2 tsp. cinnamon, 3/4 cup sugar, 1 box spiced cake mix, 1 1/2 cubes margarine or butter, and 3/4 cup favorite chopped nuts (if desired) and a 9 x 13 inch baking pan. You may also need a measuring cup and measuring teaspoons if you want to measure the ingredients evenly. Also, you'll need a small bowl, to beat the three eggs and melt the butter in, and a large bowl to mix the ingredients together. Now that you have all your ingredients, you can get started on the fun, but first, preheat the oven to 350 degrees. Before you mix all the ingredients, beat the three eggs together in the small bowl until they are well mixed. Now mix together the can of pumpkin, the three beaten eggs, the milk, salt, ginger, cloves, cinnamon, and sugar in the large bowl. You can use anything to mix it all with, a rubber spatula, a wooden spoon, or if you have neither of those, a large spoon will do the trick. Be sure to mix everything so that it's mixed evenly. There's no need to grease the pan first. Just pour the mixed ingredients into the baking pan. Pour it all so that it covers the pan evenly. Don't just pour it all in one spot. If you couldn't get it even while pouring, smooth out the top of the pudding with your mixing tool. Rinse the bowl in which you beat the eggs; or if you'd rather, just grab a new bowl.

ESL and Koreans Essay

The goal of every language course is the individual student progress in terms of writing proficiency, reading and speech (Ferris and Hedghock 2004, p. 73). This is done by constant feedback and encouragement from the teachers and the dedication of the students under the English as a Second Language (ESL) program Ferris and Hedghock 2004, p. 73). Developing the ability to grow independently with the support of the group exists in an environment of support and encouragement from within the group (Ferris and Hedghock 2004, p. 73). There is a basic procedure teachers must use to be able to attain the best possible performance from their ESL students. There are also different tools that are available that could enhance the learning process. Technology and computers as well as pop culture have been trends that teachers use to reach out and connect with the ESL students. Korean students are actually well-educated and have the basic background when it comes to the English language. Theoretically, they are well-equipped. They are very academically inclined. The important thing that would be developed would be the application process of learning English as their second language. In Korea, they are used to speaking only in their native language. They do not speak in English to converse with other people. They only learn in their English classes. The need for ESL lessons when they are in other countries, like in Australia, is because they do not know how to put into practice the theoretical concepts they have of English. Teaching ESL Process A syllabus must be developed that included the principles and procedures needed to teach a small ESL class (Ferris and Hedghock 2004, p. 88). The day-to-day planning of activities for the teachers should encompass the design of the curricula and the general principles that would be considered in constructing the syllabus (Ferris and Hedghock 2004, p. 88). The goals should be translated into objectives and the syllabus would be the framework for the classroom instruction. Goals are the general statement of the curriculum’s purpose while the objectives actually reflect the particular knowledge and skills that the students would develop by the end of the course (Ferris and Hedghock 2004, p. 88). The objectives that are set for the students must be precise and should focus on essential characteristics like performance, condition as well as criteria (Ferris and Hedghock 2004, p. 88). For example, the instructional objectives are stated like â€Å"by the end of the course, the students would be aware of their writing style and identify where they need to be improved in† (Ferris and Hedghock 2004, p. 89). The specific nature of such statements lie on the fact that these characteristics are observable (Ferris and Hedghock 2004, p. 89). When instructional objectives are clearly stated the teachers would have an easier time when it comes to planning individual class periods (Ferris and Hedghock 2004, p. 97). A way of putting it is like this: â€Å"Compose descriptive, narrative, and expository paragraphs† and in order to achieve this, the students must â€Å"compose a 250-word paragraph about one’s experiences in the country (Ferris and Hedghock 2004, p. 97) A lesson plan can actually take different forms that depended on the time frame, the personal style and experience of the individual teacher (Ferris and Hedghock 2004, p. 97). Despite the variety of formats a lesson plan may be, the important thing is for it to provide for a script for presenting materials in interacting with the students and the actual instruction for the activities in the ESL program (Ferris and Hedghock 2004, p. 97). It can also serve as the link that connects the curriculum goals of the teachers with the students as well as the step-by-step chronology of the classroom activities (Ferris and Hedghock 2004, p. 98). Lesson plans are practical and dynamic tools for meeting the student needs and achieving the instruction objectives (Ferris and Hedghock 2004, p. 98). The important thing to see is the flexibility of the lesson plan. ESL classes are more customized and mapping out the complete instruction for the class can be futile since the teacher needs to get to know the students first to make the program adaptable (Ferris and Hedghock 2004, p. 98). Knowing the Students To design a syllabus for a specific class, the teacher would have to assess the student’s needs first. This is so the teacher is enabled to identify and validate the needs so that priorities may be established. Factors like diverse background features, different skills, schemata and expectations from ESL students are important factors when it comes to planning the lesson for the students (Ferris and Hedghock 2004, p. 73). It is very important to know what the prior educational experience of the Korean students has (Ferris and Hedghock 2004, p. 77). The teacher must know if the Korean students had prior experience in studying with foreign schools or if it was the first time they have studied in school that speaks English as a native language. International students may find contrasting training instructions from the previous language training programs they have undergone (Ferris and Hedghock 2004, p. 78). Information about the students’ educational history is valuable for the teacher. Aside from such educational background, teachers must also consider the current language proficiency and literacy (Ferris and Hedghock 2004, p. 79). This can assess what areas they need to focus on and what areas they just need to review on. The immigration status of the students should also be considered as the international students generally intend to return to their own countries after they have completed their studies in Australia (Ferris and Hedghock 2004, p. 80). This tells how much of the primary language environments they have been exposed to as well as how exposed they are to English because of staying in the country long enough (Ferris and Hedghock 2004, p. 80). There is also such a thing as learner preferences, strategies and styles. The learner’s disposition towards classroom instruction and independent learning must be considered as it can be a determining factor as to brining out the best performance from the students (Ferris and Hedghock 2004, p. 84). Language Needs The educational programs need to cover and address what the students bring with them (Slavit et al. 2002, p. 116). There is a need for teachers to carry on what the students have instead of focusing on what they lack (Slavit et al. 2002, p. 116). The key is banking on the students own experiences that involves their language and their culture and mix that with the new principle and concepts offered in the present class (Slavit et al. 2002, p. 116). This is because the teacher is merely connecting the constructs from the past experiences and stimulates the learning to make them comfortable with the new environment they are in (Slavit et al. 2002, p. 116). Second language learning is a difficult process because learning the first language had been a process that has been done since the first day of the child. It is quite harder to acquire a second language because of the difference of the language and the culture from what the person has already been used to (Slavit et al. 2002, p. 116). There is often much reservation when it comes to having to begin to learn language skills. It is very important to consider how the students may feel inferior because of such circumstance. Fluency, then, does not end inside the classroom. It must be developed even after the class and do so in basic conversations. Errors may actually indicate progress. They can be replaced with the appropriate forms even without teacher intervention when done in an informal atmosphere (Slavit et al. 2002, p. 116). Unit Plan Free Conversation A quarter of the time, in the first part, middle, or the end, should be devoted to free-flowing conversation. Conversation versus classroom instruction can build relationship between students and teachers that would enable them to work together trustingly and more efficiently throughout the course. Actual body languages, facial expressions, gestures, intonation, and other things serve as cues that help the student in understanding the context of speaking in English (Drucker 2003, p. 22). Academic English can actually provide less contextual cues (Drucker 2003, p. 22). Conversation builds relationships between the students and the teachers. Once the conversation gets going, they get to find out each other’s interests and preferences (Drucker 2003, p. 22). Especially in the beginning of the course when the Koreans would feel reserved and inferior to have to learn a second language, it is important to gain their trust and their confidence for them to be able to perform well in whatever activity the curriculum may require. When the teacher is able to get the trust of the students, they are then made more comfortable to open up and use the English language to converse. This also makes them more open to commit errors and be open to the corrections of the teachers. Teachers can actually start by just conversing about their lives as individuals. Some teachers relate to male students who enjoy video games by translating and analyzing the words in the context of the games they are both familiar with. If the students love music, it can be in terms of the lyrics of their favorite songs. The teachers can provide the context for the student when they begin reading a specific text and challenge them by talking with them about it (Drucker 2003, p. 22). The teachers can start by relating selected reading passages that would be discussed with something that is relevant to the students in terms of their interests and skills (Drucker 2003, p. 22). Part of getting students to converse with each other is posing a question about the text or about a specific topic that would engage the students to provide their opinions about the topic in the English languages (Drucker 2003, p. 22). The teachers can also direct the students into discussing and looking for particular information and analyzing it. Another way of starting conversation is banking on pop culture. It has been known to provide for a rich and powerful classroom resource to show relevance between the students and the teachers (Duff 2002, p. 482). This makes the discussion more interesting, relevant and appealing to the students especially despite the language barrier and coping mechanism the students have in using the English language (Duff 2002, p. 482). This also builds the rapport between the teachers and the students. Discussion about current events can help the students’ voice out their opinions, only they are using the English language (Duff 2002, p. 482). Despite the fact that the teachers and the students may not share the same socio-cultural and psycholinguistic repertoires, practices and abilities and need assistance from others, this can be a standpoint wherein they can connect with their students and help them be more vocal (Duff 2002, p. 482). However, teachers must be aware that some of their students are not familiar with other pop culture icons because of the difference of their backgrounds. This can confuse them more. However, it is also useful to introduce such icons for them to gain the confidence in speaking the language, knowing that they are now more aware of Western icons (Duff 2002, p. 482). Elements of Instructional Conversation The theme is very important to serve as the focal point for the discussion (Williams 2001, p. 750). This can be viewed as the general plan as to how the conversation within the class would take place. There is a need to use the background or the relevant schemata of the student by activation or by providing background knowledge that is necessary to form a connection between the students and the teachers (Williams 2001, p. 750). Such knowledge is interwoven into the discussion. When necessary, the teacher provides the actual conventional teaching of the lesson to the students, as much as possible this is not applied too much to avoid disconnection and boredom (Williams 2001, p. 750). The teacher also promotes for the students to use more complex language and expression (Williams 2001, p. 750). They encourage them to elaborate on their answers in the discussion by elicitation techniques to would invite them to explain further like asking them to tell more about what they have said or to ask what they meant by it. It is also effective to have them restate their phrases saying â€Å"in other words† and phrases like that (Williams 2001, p. 750). Other elicitation techniques include the promotion of the use of different texts, pictures and reasoning to support the arguments made by the students without overwhelming them the teacher may gently probe for the student’s sentiments by saying â€Å"what made you say that †orâ€Å" how you came to that conclusion (Williams 2001, p. 750)? † It is also important to assure the students that there are more than once correct answers (Williams 2001, p. 750). This would encourage the students to try and try to provide more answers and not be pressured to provide the correct one. The teacher while being focused on the flow of discussion and maintaining the coherence of the discussion to the lesson as well as keeping track of the time, the teacher must also be responsive to the statements of the students and to watch out for the opportunities they provide. There must be discussion that has â€Å"multiple, interactive, connected turns; succeeding utterances build upon and extend previous ones† (Williams 2001, p. 750). Students must remain challenged so as not to feel like they are limited as well as not feel threatened by the teachers (Williams 2001, p. 750). The atmosphere must remain balanced and effective for improvement (Williams 2001, p. 750). The teacher must act as a collaborator rather than an evaluator (Williams 2001, p. 750). The atmosphere the teacher creates allows the students to negotiate and construct their own sentences as well as be subjected to training as well (Williams 2001, p. 750). There must be general participation amongst the students. The size of the class must be carefully considered in terms of the level of proficiency and skills of the students (Williams 2001, p. 750). By doing this, the students can each have their chance to participate in class and be trained to speak out statements in English. Students must be encouraged to volunteer to speak out (Williams 2001, p. 750). Those who are more reserved must be the ones the teacher would call upon. The important thing is for everyone to have their own turn to speak up (Williams 2001, p. 750). Correction and Interaction Students in the early stages of acquisition must be expected to commit errors in communication (Williams 2001, p. 750). The teachers must be sensitive enough to correct in a gentle fashion as Koreans may feel threatened by harsh criticisms from the highly academic backgrounds they have in Korea. This must be considered more so when it comes to vocabulary. The teachers would not want to the students to have negative experiences with learning English that they would be afraid to try the next time. This can discourage the students from attempting to use the second language and can hinder their efforts from developing (Slavit et al. 2002, p. 116). Rather than correction, modeling the correct form would be more efficient for the students (Slavit et al. 2002, p. 116). Language can develop when placed in a variety of setting that promotes informal talk and interaction (Slavit et al. 2002, p. 116). When there is talking and listening involved, activities involving reading and writing can actually help the learners develop a higher facility for the language and have control over social interaction (Slavit et al. 2002, p. 116). Literacy is part of language; it goes along the lines of reading and writing (Slavit et al. 2002, p. 116). The language learners must have the competence for oral language and learn the language as it is needed for new functions (Slavit et al. 2002, p. 116). The role of the teachers it to teacher the learners to use the resources they need for the new language. The best performance for ESL students in classrooms comes when they are able to speak and listen as part of the integral â€Å"process of negotiating knowledge, exchanging personal experiences and thoughts, and the development of language and literacy abilities (Slavit et al. 2002, p. 116). † This comes from a demonstration of cultural diversity and a provision for equal opportunities for the students in the ESL classrooms (Slavit et al. 2002, p. 116). Proper implementation would fall upon the supportive nature of the school staff and the recognition of diversity as â€Å"an asset and not a handicap† (Slavit et al. 2002, p. 116). Games Most of the time teachers start every day’s session with a three to five minute game to get the lesson started. They are not merely icebreakers; they also tie into the lesson for the day. Aside from conversational way of training the students, the teachers find using games as effective ways to train the Korean students excel in English. The level of difficulty language learning has on the students are so high that the teachers wanted to provide easier methods for them by using games (Wright 1984, p. 1). Games actually help the students and encourage them to participate as well as sustain their interest (Wright 1984, p. 1). They help create contexts that are much more meaningful for the students that make them want to take part in the lesson (Wright 1984, p. 1). Games make way for students to practice their language skills and to practice different types of communication in a lighter environment (Ersoz 2000). This provides an effort to lessen the difficulty of language learning for the students (Ersoz 2000). It gives the students a chance to take a break from the conventional lessons and provide high motivation at the same time challenge and amuse the students (Ersoz 2000). It deviates from the principle that learning has to be serious and solemn (Kim 1995, p. 35). Games are used to practice the skills of speaking, writing, listening, and reading (Kim 1995, p. 35). At the same time, they can use games for vocabulary presentation and revision (Uberman 1998, p. 20). Some scholars even say that games should be treated as a central instead of merely a peripheral to teaching foreign language to students (Uberman 1998, p. 20). They give the students new experiences with the foreign languages that could not have been easily calculated by conventional learning (Uberman 1998, p. 20). Games actually promote fluency with the students because of constant and pressure-free use (Uberman 1998, p. 20). Ideal games are those that involve pictures. The students are made to pronounce the nouns that are in the pictures. They are then asked to describe the pictures using adjectives in forms of sentences and nor merely phrases. Whoever gets to describe the picture more wins the game. There are also games that would encourage the students to complete each other’s stories by taking turns in giving sentences. They take turns in filling in what can happen next in the story and the students would have to do it fast otherwise they would loose the game. This enables them to be creative as well as explore more vocabulary to be developed in the students. Lessons Sentence, Phrase and Text Construction. The sentence structure for the English language is very easy because of the rigid word order (Hinkel 2004, p. 65). Sometimes, it’s only a matter of proper translation that comes from understanding the rules of English sentence construction. Koreans usually directly translate their sentences to English that becomes their pitfall when it comes to the English grammar. Their sentence construction is different from English construction and that is where they need to be trained so that it can be adjusted. Although there are different kinds of structure that can be possible for the English sentences, there is still a pattern that can be easily identified and mastered through practice (Hinkel 2004, p. 65). For instance, when it comes to prepositional phrases, it cannot perform what a subject can do (Hinkel 2004, p. 65). Only noun phrases can act as a subject and a verb must be present in sentences for it to be grammatically correct (Hinkel 2004, p. 65). Generally, the English sentence can be broken down to see how they are ordered and sequenced in slots found in a sentence. There are certain basic principles that the learner must learn in order to fully understand sentence construction. The first principle would be the sentence units cannot be isolated from one another. They are in relationship with the other elements of the sentence even though they serve different functions and are labeled as different units (Hinkel 2004, p. 66). In most sentences, the subject goes before the verb. The context of the sentence elements determines the variation of the elements under the second principle (Hinkel 2004, p. 66). This is where we see that singular nouns use singular verbs. Although the sentence structures are dynamic they still follow predictable patterns that can easily be explained to the students (Hinkel 2004, p. 66). There are the subjects and object slots that can only be filled by words or phrases that are under the class of nouns or pronouns like proper and common nouns (e. g. Nancy, house or Australia); abstract and concrete nouns (e. g. love, book); gerunds (e. g. dancing, walking); compound phrases (e. g. corn soup, coffee table); pronouns (e. g. I, you, they); or sets of parallel nouns (e. g. shirts, shoes, and bags) (Hinkel 2004, p. 67). This is the basic core structure of a sentence, when this is mastered, the teachers can go into more complicated structures that are basically adhering to the same order of element (Hinkel 2004, p. 67). According to the third principle, the sentence states how the sentence elements are arranged and it is according to a hierarchy of importance for the sentence to be grammatical (Hinkel 2004, p. 68). The most important elements for a sentence would be the subject and the verb. Elements like the adverbs and prepositional phrases are more mobile and can appear in other locations (Hinkel 2004, p 68). To simplify the identification of core elements it is very helpful to identify the â€Å"subject, predicate verb phrase, and importance of subject-verb agreement† (Hinkel 2004, p. 69). The organization of the sentences accounts for the fluidity of the sentence construction and itself stylistic variation (Hinkel 2004, p. 69). Sentence Elements. The teachers must also run through the parts of the sentence. Even though, most Koreans have a strong background in the theories and rules involved in Basic English grammar, it is different when it is presented and emphasized in ESL classes. It is also helpful to present them in tables and other visual presentations in these manners: S – V Time Place Manner Reson (He eats/He ate†¦ ) (When) (Where) (How) (Why) Adverbs yesterday there quickly last night here sloppily Prepositional at 7:00 in the house with a fork For fun Phrase Adverbial Clause when he wherever he can as a good because he’s finishes work boy should hungry Other to get fat (infinitive) Table 1 Sentence Elements (ESLgold. com 2007). S – V Duration Frequency Contrast Condition (He works/worked/ (How long) (How often) (To show a (Under what has worked†¦ ) difference) conditions) Adverb forever sometimes anyway always Prepositional for two hours on Thursdays despite his for pay only Phrase illness Adverbial Clause as long as whenever he although he if he feels good he can has time doesn’t get paid Table 2 Sentence Elements (ESLgold. com 2007). Practical Techniques for Reading and Grammar Depending on the capability of the students, there must be essential elements that can design a flexible curriculum depending the reading and grammar proficiency of the students (Hinkel 2004, p. 33). Most lessons focus on sentence and phrase structure, nouns, pronouns, verbs, verb tenses, vocabulary and spelling. Activities must be created to develop the learners’ conversational fluency (Hinkel 2004, p. 34). Teachers must always check the level of reading comprehension of the students (Williams 2001, p. 750). The teachers must approach this with caution as sometimes the students can decode a text but can understand little from what he or she has read (Williams 2001, p. 750). Decoding is different from comprehension. The teacher should not always assume that the student can understand what goes on in the classroom conversations (Williams 2001, p. 750). The teacher must always test to see if the students are catching up, some may be getting what the flow of conversation may be but others are not. The teachers should have reading time wherein the students can actually hear how the words are pronounced and in what intonations sentence structures call for (Williams 2001, p. 750). This actually supports language development, therefore goes on to be literacy development (Williams 2001, p. 750). When it comes to introducing a reading text, the teachers must first start with discussing the importance when establishing a new topic (Hinkel 2004, p. 36). The students must be prepared and have already understood foundations that would let them study a new text (Hinkel 2004, p. 36). Using Other Tools Computer In the light of growing technology, students are expectant for the teachers to make use of such information and communication technology. The teachers must consider whether or not their students would develop faster with computers as a tool for their learning (Shin 2006, pp. 65+). Computer-mediated communication or using computers to communicate with each other is a new and innovative way of teaching ESL. Gauging the students’ skills in using the computer like typing skills and other language proficiencies must be prioritized as the teachers would not want to make the students feel more inferior in not knowing another area in the course (Shin 2006, pp. 65+). Class size is a critical point to consider when evaluating the efficiency of this tool. If the class is too big, a large group of chatters proves to be more confusing and frustrating than ever (Shin 2006, pp. 65+). According to research, the teachers should limit the number of students using CMC to an average of five (Shin 2006, pp. 65+). Using CMC is an option to use as a learning activity for the students. It is critical for the teachers to examine how relevant such a tool can be for the purpose of the activity and for the capabilities of the students for the planned learning task (Shin 2006, pp. 65+). Computer and Reading There are also studies that pertain to the integration of reading and computers to improve the reading skills of ESL students (Williams and Williams 2000, p. 98). There are a large range of computer applications that can be used for ESL student classes. This is to boost the skills of the ESL students with limited English application skills. Schools must make sure that the ESL students have access to educational programs and applications that can help them individually acquire the level of proficiency in the language (Williams and Williams 2000, p. 98). Even though there is technology available, computers are seldom used in ESL settings (Williams and Williams 2000, p. 98). Since constant exposure to English creates the best environment for students to learn the language, the teacher must be aware of different techniques to make this possible and to provide more sensitivity in issue facing the ESL instruction (Williams and Williams 2000, p. 98). English must not be limited to classroom instruction but should be integrated in other subject areas where English can be used (Williams and Williams 2000, p. 98). Studies have shown that an integrated approach of reading and writing with the computer has been more effective than traditional modes of instruction of lecture-type approaches (Williams and Williams 2000, p. 98). The students find interest in having such variety in instruction and improve on their logic and organizational skills of constructing sentences, one of their greatest weaknesses in learning the language (Williams and Williams 2000, p. 98). Reading Preparation is the most effective way to ensure the students can comprehend any reading assigned (Drucker 2002, p. 22). According to Drucker (2002), â€Å"Comprehensible input is spoken or written language that is delivered at a level the child can understand. † However, it is also important for the teacher to provide challenges that is a bit higher than the students’ current abilities (Drucker 2002, p. 22). Choral reading was seen to be a means of providing such comprehensible input for the students. Students can recite a poem, a short text together as well as be provided with gestures and motions that would enable them to understand what are reading more efficiently (Drucker 2002, pp. 22+). Repetitions of the reading selection give them the chance to recycle the language they have learned (Drucker 2002, pp. 22+). Contextual clues are also given through the motions and gestures taught by the teachers in reading the selection (Drucker 2002, pp. 22+). However, considering the individualize approach for ESL programs, it is important to note that teachers can only apply such technique for students who are in kindergarten to sixth grade (Drucker 2002, pp. 22+). If the students are much older or more mature, there are reading selections that can be provided and analyzed. For example, the teacher can provide a more sophisticated text like an article to be discussed in class like American Art in Delaware: Henry Francis du Pont (1880-1969) was an heir to Delaware’s DuPont Company fortune. He was one of the first serious collectors of American decorative art objects –furniture, textiles, paintings, and other objects made in the United States between 1640 and 1840. American furniture and household objects had been considered inferior to those from Europe. But du Pont helped develop a new appreciation for American decorative arts. He created a legendary showplace for these objects on his family’s estate just outside of Wilmington, Delaware. In 1951 it was opened to the public as the Henry Francis du Pont Winterthur (pronounced winter-tour) Museum. Du Pont assembled objects from his collection into 175 â€Å"period rooms,† each with examples of American antiques and decorative arts that followed a certain theme or period in early American history. For example, the du Pont Dining Room has furniture dating from the late 18th and early 19th centuries. And, because this was the time when the United States became a new nation, there is a patriotic theme in the room. Another example is the Chinese Parlor, which has furnishings that reflect Americans’ fascination with Asian culture during the 18th century. In these period rooms du Pont believed he could tell the story of the early United States through furniture and other decorative arts (America’s Library 2007). In the case of the article, American Art in Delaware, a warm-up question may be â€Å"You have probably heard of the DuPont Company, which was founded by a family of the same name. But do you know about the museum that one of the family members began (ESLgold. com 2007)? † There are also vocabulary words that can be taken out of the article that the students can learn in class, either through homework activity or drills within the classroom time. Words that can be taken out of this article are: â€Å"antique, assemble, century, decorative, estate, fortune, heir, inferior, patriotic, textile† (ESLgold. com 2007). The teachers can provide pre-reading questions that can enhance the interest of the students. Such questions can be, â€Å"What types of things do you like to collect or if you had some valuable artwork, what would do with it (ESLgold. com 2007)? † When the group is finished reading the text, silently or aloud, there are post-reading questions that are very important to determine the student’s comprehension. It can be in forms of true or false, or multiple choice questions. The important thing is to gauge the capability of the students. A set of post-reading questions may be in the form of the following; True or False: â€Å"Henry Francis du Pont’s art collection is displayed in a museum i